煤炭工程 ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 10-15.doi: 10.11799/ce201802003

• 设计技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

综采工作面厚硬顶板预裂爆破技术研究

张书军,杨胜利,王兆会,等   

  1. 中国矿业大学(北京)
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-25 修回日期:2017-09-09 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 吕华永 E-mail:531066371@qq.com

Influence of Roof Cutting and Stress Releasing on Rock Pressure Occurrence in Coal Seam with Hard Roof

  • Received:2017-08-25 Revised:2017-09-09 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-04-23

摘要: 厚硬顶板工作面高强度来压致灾事故频发,为保证该类工作面的安全回采,以九里山煤矿为工程背景,分析了切顶卸压对厚硬顶板来压特征造成的影响。14141工作面受大落差断层的影响,厚硬顶板的高强度来压极易造成断层活化,导通底板灰岩含水层和回采工作面造成断层突水事故|从能量角度解释了预裂爆破切顶措施造成工作面来压步距减小的内在机理,爆破裂隙的产生减小了基本顶破断时所需的内力耗散功率,导致基本顶极限跨距减小,来压期间的支架阻力同来压步距成正比,切顶卸压可有效降低工作面来压强度|14141工作面采用在开切眼沿工作面倾斜方向布置爆破钻孔,在运输巷沿走向布置钻孔的预裂爆破措施,现场检测表明:爆破后可在开切眼和运输巷顶板分别形成沿倾向和走向的垂直破坏面,同相邻工作面相比,14141工作面来压步距减小、来压强度明显降低,保证了该工作面的安全回采。

关键词: 厚硬顶板, 矿压特征, 预裂爆破, 切顶卸压

Abstract: Disaster induced by high-intensity weighting of hard roof becomes increasingly drastic in the past decade. For promising safe mining in such longwall faces, influence of roof cutting and stress releasing on mining pressure occurrence is analyzed in the present paper. 14141 longwall face of Jiulishan mine is affected by faults with large drop. Besides, main roof of the coal seam is hard. High-intensity fracturing of the hard roof may lead to fault activation, which dredges the water channel between longwall face and floor aquifer, and further cause water inrush accident. After roof pre-blasting, a vertical fracture is produced and the internal stress work rate needed to drive fully fracturing of main roof is decreased. Thereafter, limit span of the main roof becomes small. Support resistance during roof weighting is in direct proportion to the limit span of main roof. That means roof cutting can effectively drop weighting intensity of hard main roof. Blasting holes are drilled in the open-off cut and main gate. After blasting, vertical fractures are produced along dip and strike directions respectively, in the main roof of the open-off cut and main gate. Field measurements demonstrate weighting span is decreased and weighting intensity is weakened after roof cutting.

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